Moving to a new country as an expat comes with a lot of paperwork, and one essential number you’ll encounter in Germany is the Steuernummer. Understanding what it is, why it’s important, and how to apply for one can make your tax obligations easier. In this article, we will guide you through everything you need to know about the Steuernummer in Germany.
What is a Steuernummer?
The Steuernummer (tax number) is a unique identifier assigned by the German tax office (Finanzamt) to individuals and businesses for tax purposes. It is used primarily for tax filing and communication with the tax authorities. Think of it as a reference number that the tax authorities use to track your tax filings, payments, and overall tax status. If you are self-employed, a freelancer, or running a business in Germany, this number will appear on all official tax documents and correspondence with the Finanzamt.
It is different from the Steueridentifikationsnummer (Steuer-ID), which is a lifelong tax identification number given to every resident in Germany automatically.
Does everyone have a Steuernummer in Germany?
No, not everyone in Germany has a Steuernummer.
Only individuals and businesses that need to file certain tax returns, such as freelancers, self-employed professionals, and business owners, receive a Steuernummer. Employees do not require one, as they use their Steuer-ID for income tax purposes.
Who needs a Steuernummer in Germany?
If you’re living in Germany and planning to work beyond regular employment, chances are you’ll need a Steuernummer.
- Freelancers & self-employed individuals. If you plan to work as a freelancer (Freiberufler) or self-employed person, you must obtain a Steuernummer in Germany to issue invoices, declare your income and pay the necessary taxes.
- Businesses and entrepeneurs. For expats interested in starting a business, whether as a sole proprietor (Einzelunternehmen), a limited liability company (GmbH), or any other business structure, obtaining a Steuernummer in Germany is mandatory. It’s required for tax filings, communication with the Finanzamt, and, in many cases, for VAT (Umsatzsteuer) registration if your business exceeds certain revenue thresholds. Even if you’re running a small side business, Germany takes taxation seriously, and having your Steuernummer in place helps ensure everything is done correctly from the start. Without it, you won’t be able to officially register your business for tax purposes or claim any relevant deductions.
Why is the Steuernummer Important?
The Steuernummer is necessary for various tax-related activities, including:
- Filing tax returns. If you are required to submit an annual tax return in Germany, your Steuernummer must be included on all tax documents. It allows the Finanzamt to process your tax filings and determine any taxes owed or refunds due.
- Registering as a freelancer or business owner. If you plan to work as a freelancer or set up a business, obtaining a Steuernummer is one of the first administrative steps you’ll need to take. Without it, you won’t be able to issue proper invoices, pay taxes, or legally operate your business in Germany.
- Communicating with the Finanzamt regarding tax matters. The Steuernummer is used in all official correspondence with the tax office. As your unique tax identification number, it ensures sure all your tax-related documents and requests are properly tracked, whether you need to ask questions about your tax obligations, submit documents, or respond to tax assessments.
How to Apply for a Steuernummer
If you’re starting a business or working as a freelancer in Germany, you’ll need a Steuernummer. Here’s how to apply:
- Complete the Fragebogen zur steuerlichen Erfassung. This is the Tax Registration Questionnaire, which you can fill out online via ELSTER, Germany’s electronic tax portal, or request a paper form from your local Finanzamt (tax office).
- Submit the form to your local Finanzamt. Your tax office is determined by your place of residence or business. You can submit the completed form by mail or, in some cases, online.
- Wait for processing. The processing time varies depending on the workload of the Finanzamt but typically takes between 2 to 6 weeks. Once approved, you will receive your Steuernummer by mail.
Can I check my Steuernummer online?
You generally cannot look up your Steuernummer in Germany online, as German tax offices do not provide public databases for tax numbers. However, here’s how you can find it:
- Check official tax documents. Your Steuernummer is listed on previous tax returns, tax assessment notices (Steuerbescheid), and correspondence from the Finanzamt.
- Log into ELSTER. If you are registered on ELSTER (Germany’s online tax portal), you may find your Steuernummer in your profile or past filings.
- Contact your Finanzamt . If you cannot find it, you can call or email your local Finanzamt and request it. You may need to provide personal identification details.
If you’re newly self-employed or have moved to a different state (Bundesland), you might need to apply for a new Steuernummer through the Fragebogen zur steuerlichen Erfassung on ELSTER.
In conclusion, understanding the Steuernummer in Germany is essential for freelancers, self-employed individuals, and businesses to manage their taxes effectively. While not everyone needs one, those who do must apply through the Finanzamt and use it for tax filings and official correspondence. If you’re still not sure about whether you need the Steuernummer or not, you can arrange a free consultation with us here. We also have a live chat feature available on every page! If you have any questions, just click to start a conversation, and our team will be happy to assist you shortly!
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